Electrical condenser



W. PL PRlES- Oct. 20, 1925.

ELECTRICAL CONDNSER lvl Sheets-Sh Filed Aptrl Oct. 20, 1925- W. H. PRIESS ELECTRICAL CONDEN'SER ll Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 28, 19

W. H. PRIESS Oct. 20, 1925- ELEGTRIC. L CONUENSER l1 Sheets-Sheet Filed April 2, 1921 3 9 m, m w me n, im l' u w m ,.fr ma s Wm sm. 1x Q m. M m M w n @ma H. m w .,.,wMa../^ )my s 9 w f/ E f w /k/ Wf/ M o Ott. 20, 1925.

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Oct. 20, 1925- l w. H. PRlEss ELECTRICAL CONDENSBR Filed April 28. 1921 11 Shoots-Sheet 10 3513 'M0 @timmy/ Oct. 20, 1925- w. H. PRIESS ELECTRICAL coNDEHsR Filfed April 28, 1921 11 Shoots-Sheet .11

INI

UNITED STATES PATFNT QFFICE.

WILLIAM H. 13R-IESE, E? BEL CIALTY APPARATUS CCT NEW YORK.

T0 all yinfima. t may concern:

Be it known that l, lTiL-Lniii citizen ot' the United StateN a resident ot Belmont, State o setts, have invented certain nev.v Electrical Condensers, the i which are set forth in the tolloi cation and accoinpar-.vingi` dro disclose the torni ot the inve now consider to be the best o ornis in which the principles tion may be embodied.

This invention relates to electrical coniid densers and methods ot nialringr *l e ln condensers now in use it nsna to bnild the saine in stacks conm-:vieil et sheets of dielectric. such as mica or f and Y ,A .I ioii. lor high potential work. no stacit is built up in sections connected in 'sci-nus.

and the greater the ninnher ot sf 'tion less the capacity will be 'toi' a given sheet. Such condcnsersl are nnszitistart however, where. high potential hiah current is necessary with coinpa tively low carnicitv. In building),I such a condenser et mica. tor instance, it has been Yfound that the cost is almost prohibitive.

In order to provide a cheap compact condenser, it contemplated in the orosei vention to use sulfur a special not only as a dielectric but also as a aller. Sulfur also may he used as a detergent. to wash ont air and iiioisture troni the condenser, and 'tor inipregnatng.

an extremelv high insnlaton rests ance. init up to this time its brittleness and porosit;7

Sulfur has has prevented its use to an?,T oas e dielectric. especially iter use in high tension acts like ice, that is to sav. ren'iains hard up to the moment of melting; and then changes to a thin liquid. nor is it subject to cold flow.

tinlifur as a solid exists in several alloti'opic forms as follows: the plastic or aniorphons. inonoclinic crj-fstalline iorin, and 'the rlioinbic octahcdra crystalline iorin.

.'xn obiect oi the invention is to provide aclieap condenser of high etlicicncy.

Another objiect oi the invention is to einplov and prepare the element snll'ur in condcnsors insnch wise as to take lnll advantage of its ciiirenielv low dielectric loss and high instalation resis nce and 'at the saine time to ensure a condon ot the sulfur as to avoid the tronhles resulting` 'troni the use ot so brittle and porous a material.

ilnotlier object ot tie invention is to provide in a condenser a dielectric or iiller having rehoatina properties.

iiiiotlier ohjcct of the invention is to provile a coiidrnsc which can he operated at temperatures up to 950 C. without detrimental effect.

in the acconipanvingr dran'ings, there is illustrated several olf the numerous toi-ins in which the present invention is capable of e figure l is a sectional elevation oi' one r1 of condenser.

2 is a sectional plan view thereof on c 2-2 oi l*1 l, looking! in the di.-

o't 'the arrows.

Vthe tine ot' Fic'. 3. lookin@ in the dii n D C rection oi the arrows.

n10'. 5 is a sectional elevation of another ot condenser.

S is a sectional plan view thereof on the liie 6--6 ot Fig. 5, looking in the direction oit the arrows.

'l' is a sectional elevation ot another toi-in oit condenser taken on the line 7--7 ot tion i 5 Comisi' ombodmon inw s ono om? @it a C ..1 l d D .1

inside of armature l and hmm.

part

f'anos 1G arranged the outsld .lol

ompso-g 21 'mod oondonsfsr o ed in um; 1

co-mu'lse ndenso:

-fol 1 oc' o of h@ c Qing. order 'to equa no o beim een l n elect :Lo 11. oh

l and momhof 35 ing.

f. 1 ingo o to' dde W'h a dzaSho 115 Upper en he special SUM" the umbau' 3f.

-nd which., "olatlu'o S? the M provided Wi'h mumble 120 The unit is() if; ombofod,

nv'm'ton. b

L- o sido throu aus n and porcelain she .The vos "s fro soaped lai tend@ porco Suitable me :,-O er i assembled with their :res i Y tica nnen a metal hase plete l secured thereto by means of scii'cirs \,=;endin "on fh the hase plate and les 3l in the bottom.

' 'hl et the other ot the top in ete. proi'idin" tiro .iroiips et 'f ,j ffl-O. which are space from eech other sii'liicientiy to: insiillitinggj nun poses. The tales o6 ei each ,ejroiip il() im are elect ically and n V1clianiealli7 connei4 ed Washers l; in-

.l holtine)` means 42a. ill'tcr 'the sei# 3S` and the tehs @l :ind l1 connected together. the Whole unit is placed Within a suitable casing); 43 which is preferably ot tal wil; plate 38 resting on the liottom ol tl e casingkl in contact therewith. 3 is suhstantiallj,Y rectangular at o portion und olf e size to inoride siiilicicnt c oai, between the assembled units or stack el sind the In order to sec eral elements are secured to the hase seiuoled s eelt ti'n its cas 'tlie sei*- erel inemliers 3l in'tlviced mth ilinefl horizontal opei i lll tii'oug'h which and i igh the side. a .inetsil holt casino 4S is threedwil onlv secures the also constitutes :in

n between the lower e stack ant-L tne ces a terminal.

nenne et nuts 'lG. ddh f l I A v3 v tional nuts ie threaded on the holt, toi' the purpose oi: secr leads. The

ides ot t ripe' :hewn at iunior portion ot onnosite Udlif' as s 4?) dared out 7) to provide su icient electrical c l l between the termin-nis l() end il and he casing); und also to provide siiipnoitingr means inherent in yne cesinf i1 sii. tine' lie t l. erasing L3 or sereifel oli th ein in e r i upper en@ et this casing?,` 43

an 49, the upper edees o the ce..- in;` .y ent inii'ardl)7 to 'torni a le"- e lill. an annulai;` rindheine' located heloui the ledge `for bracing and reinforcing eine The casiiie proper. not including; the cover. in the forni here illusie-ated. is huilt up in three parte. si ll-slianed intermediate i'ortion 52 is shown in l.' 7 and a pe ot end nietes 53 shown in Fig. 8. and haring' a shape shoi1 in in Fig. 7 to enclose iifirt The plates .8 are secured to the open sides of the membel 52 to form a casing therewith lijf solderinglj, and in the present structure I here .illustrated Wires 54- extending alonfr the l.

:orners termed by the .members 52 and and ivliici are soldered in such corners hy suitable solder tor securingv the parts ot the casino' together. hjlouiited over the opening' il@ at the top et the casing and secured to ledge 50 ii coter ot metal liaiu ing a pai. oli openings 57 therein through ii'hiili the leeds 5S 'from the tabs fl() and 451, are led. A. gasket 56a is interposed hetn'eeii the cover 5G and lef; e 50 to form a tight Qioint. Fisch of these leads 58 eomigiiises a threaded terifninal rod 59 which is supported. ans ot siiitahle mits and Washers (lll a tig/1t lie'nt) in ou insulating l. preteralfilji' porco nin. Which .is suhielly ciip-siiaped or concave-convex. l t its edge (the coneaviti" iii el 'lacing the casing) is secured to the i l coter 5G over an opening' 57 hy means or an annuler rino; G2 ol metal to which it is secured hy seine suitehle means such as an sntiinonjf lead alloy. The terminal 59 n arranged within this cup-shaiied insiilating;l riemher 6l and extends through its upper small end at distance suilicienly spaced from the cover tor insulation, the onen and large end ot the porcelain memier (Si heine' secured to the ring;` The terminal 59 ma;Y he electricalliT connected to the tahs -lll and Afill. hy :my suitable conduci J such :s the tlexihle conductors 63 illustrfted. ln order to till this condenser with it def- "ed, I have provided an openA at t ie side of' the condenser through suitable filler inzi'v he poured and edment 'lormed in the manner heresnell "l a en trai dielectric may he thoi'oiigrhl.7 einhei'lded hut als( he terminals 59 and the space 6l .\.'ith

irtlie shell 6l. ni'oi'ici: a solid hacking; 'tor the shells Gl and iinni'orinjf the Yulation l .i ic terminals o5) and the i h an emhedment :is used. it is gn-et* (arable to not only use the special sulfur oli the iifesent inve/tion hut this einhedment should he done liv the nrocesses or methods hereinalftei? des rilied. This method ot' cmhedinent provides an insulator tor terininal which .is suhstaiitiall;T a. siillur insulator preteralgily ot the special compact sultur ot this invention, protected liv a porcelain shell. litter einhednient. the opening' (35 ma;7 he closed hv a plate G5 which pretneme plate,

The arrangement ot terminals upon the top ot the condenser and the electrical connection between the condenser and the easing; allows the use ot three dill'ercnt Values ot cane-.cita7 in the condenser hya (l) Employingl the two terminals 59 as the connections.

eralili/ e dition, tne sulrur is a thin, watery, limpid liquid, care being taken to maintain the temperature of the liquid such that it is entirely limpid. The mold lilled with this sulfur to the top, toi-:ning a bea-d ot sulfur over the armatures. This fillingmay be under Vacuum or Without Vhen vacuum is used. a more complete assurance ot the removal o air 'troni the mold is obtained than that obtained by the simple bubblingup of the air through the sulfur liquid due to the ditlereucc in toc specific gravity ot molten ,ulti anA The material is poured in limpid. this condition entrappcd air does ci: in the sulfur mass as would be the case i the sulfir were pourif-d in its viscous state. After pouring or during the process of pouring, the end member .752 on the mie side ai the members El and 78 on the opposite e and consequently armatures SF2 are subjected to an electric potential plied to them. In Fig. l2, l have illiisti lied diagrammatically a circuit C 'tir doing,r this. electrically connected to termin. the members l H lt is ila andits P i anc. (o. that this potential be applied cation laiiitained diiriie the process, rlhe cooliro-is rereiable tr p bottom up, i. c., the botto cl' Ibe molt is maintained at a temperature b Voir the soliditication temperature oit si suitable cooling means i Preferably, the head is neat fur i. e.. the sulfur above the condense:A 7 I heated to a tem )eratnre ot aooroxiinat ll' ,i MIOO C. during` the initial stages of; t. cooling operation. This ineens may i prise a. llunsen burner B heating; a nieta? rod R submerged iii the liquid illustrated. After the sulfur has solidified to the desiree heielit above the armati c, s. which is pre"- erably slightly greater tnan the upper margin of the condenser7 application et' heat to the top ot the rai-old be stopped. Tl e electric potential above referrer to is a plied continuously during the cooling until the mass has solidified. rlllie po tial is 'then discontinued, the mold ope and the element 30 n'ti its dielectric c, if i. c

LCH" ned.

moved. The elementhas attached to it. the sulfur oi the head. This may be cut oil' by a hot Wire or l: nte, or esita ott. 'f

application oi potential across a 32 and 33 during the cooling' ot tl has a distinct advantage in termin pact and .non-porous forni of 'i from internal rains and in secuiln Vel-1X7.' close and intimate contact between the sulfur dielectric and tno metal armatures.

The Voltage applied during cooling of the tciitial between the,

results in veri' le siiltur and the ot a in :itui'c when i enbezhueut ottled with sulclosely poteri- .Y mechan- @n the other lere :when

t the iavajle ai; di-

i naturc.--- iat i rilasti there t o :Manica y Y th other metal i onnectien nii ii the appl .1 in

the disclosed should be suon as are `ily chemical y attacled corahuniniimv iron or during; the process. but also ro* iliui', su, lirasC It h: e. been d that copper and lead Vys contaiiie; lead aix ibi The e i desired 'fo-Cod that; thn sulbci' rl .tl ld fl and has a. brezil(- i e process tescribed may also f i i n ci. dielectric be en ployed oth Y,

ln c i c s l V'ated in Figs. 'l to (3. eniploj-iing a sifitab-le heath as illustfated brolen e' i il, ataii'hed to i top of the cmidenser, accordor Yt the cinidenser is to through t\ "'iii'e of l i.. .en 115@ and 1550 f runl sil'fur heat p l'ieloir 1550 C., then that is, either by ad applying heat y if; the botten. aionej l thV order above specil through the diln some cases, it

may not oe necessary to apply potentiel to the armatures. This lestprocess of cooling; may also he employed Witliont the a-policstion ot' potential in ceses Where the sulfur is used siniply e. zt filler around stocks ot ditlleren types :is hereinafter inoi 'fully described. in sonic ceses, it is preferable to apply vacuum to remove :tir frein the ing and heed before and during' the poen ing in of the liquid.

ln embedding i'roin top bottoni with the use of zt heed iii the iiorins of een-` densers described in l to o ving; to the physical characteristics of the sii." ir. it has been found dihionltl to ent oh' t surplus enibedinent of siilit'nr in 'the heed flush vfith the casing in. order cover or bottoni niej? b. shonld prete ably be dene noi this purpose, l ome gio the piece or a Jpsrzttns disclosed in Fig. l? ln order not to strain the sulfur by b ting. it is prei'ierzible to stiliur which nntv be 1b-o e tl of the cesing. In the pi sent provided e oirciiliir disc oi' i a central hole SG adapted t slitte o threads upon the central terinin yl 8. the casing heed is reniov d and es nisch the sulfur is hrolen oit' Without damaging the er the casing proper7 the d f is heated to temperature zihove 155@ and placed spor the threaded terminal end rotated the handle S7. Contact of this hot disc 85 with the sulfur inelts the szine until the disc is tinsh with the casing. The dise een then be removed and the cover pnt in position. ln the present embodiment ot the invention, the preferred type of cover is a inicz. disc fvnich is seenrcd i contact v-:ith the siilnr e the present cese the sin t i t, Y nient when the cover e.plicd shoird he sniliciently viscous or vrherebjv the fluid cover nifty be steelt to the sziniic njgon solidiiicetion ot the einbed'- ent. rilheree' ter the cover in piece against nossible dislocation. ln ceses ivhere the condenser is einoedded through the bottoni. the cover i tired in position b v an annuler rin ing the saine to the 'top oit the essi erniature l seen ed in position. thon poured in forming;- e. nient up against the cove-i' saine. fitter soiidiiicetion. inoved.

l here also devised t forni which is insde b v buildingI up e steelt coniposed ot' alternate contnetor sheets end sheets ot sulfur, the sulfur sheets beingl so treated, 'oreferebly7 that they :ire in plastic v w end terminal is 11", f

olf condenser condition; that is. more or less it :ible sind 1, .Vfl ,F t .It 1 '11x e 1 iuboeiiilte di, iin@ the omitting or sie s ie einhodri ot the invention shown the eender ier stzic1 tl projectii ing betiveen then` eyond th 1 jV idilio,

L 'fx opnosite ents 9:24)?) seine p( tei Y ce. n, th@ A n neet-t o e inseln he. ve

lll

is substuntielly rect cross section, converging et t having' en :annuler groove 10Q ,serroun casing; I

:1n opening "lOQn in the c: sint) Si' t s ie t Groove l0@ receives the annuler C ot' the porcehin shell or cup 9G g ii 10; :t L through which teriiiinsl o entends l which is' s the shell hf niesns oi n pair oit nn 'A threaded upon the terminal 'upon op- -posits sides ot the shell 96, suitable rubber Washers 106 being interposed between the no shell sind the nuts Nel-105 'for r-tight ness rfhe shell is see ired in the groove oi t he conversine ton of the condenser s D l t 1 snitfiole solder such es e ies-.d-

i ent'mony filler, the terminal Q5 beine' pie vionsly connected to the central por n 9E o the steelt by e niteble conductor 10T :is shown. The conductor 107 consists ot sti-ended vfircs which :ire Herod ont or iffsiied ont et their inner @nos di duel v-Jiies soldered to the co hone-hes at -l iniiorxnly over illust-rated in l5. This 'for nection prevents the tearing' of toil tabs (Which is preferabh tin) hf the leed Which herehnifo sivitcd which tended to teer t teelt ,o in snziced relation to the casing when 's then ncl'son I HQ Stic for f a-n now po f ft z el' becrlbed are Soe 11o o' me me ing fo Open at its botcasng l toward D removed and cut to size While still plastic. Afterwards sheets formed as abovedescribed or by any other suitable process are incorporated in a stack such as in the stack disclosed in Figs. 14 and 15, the stack being built While the sheets are plastic and the embedment E beingalso placed in the casing While the said sheets are more or less plastic before their final setting to the hard, compact, nonporous, crystalline form which is a characteristic of the sulfur of the present invention. In the form of condenser shown in Figs 14tand 15, the separators should have a thickness of approximately three times that of the dielectric sheets, and the foil should preferably be of aluminum and have a thickness of approximately 10 mils, although the materials of the foil and the thickness thereof depend upon circumstances and the use to which the condenser is to be put.

Condensers such as the form disclosed in Figs. l to 5, 14 and 15 may be embedded by placing a head upon the top or bottom of the casing, the latter then beingl in an inverted position, applying vacuum to remove air from the interior of the casinou and head, and pouring.,r sulfur previously heat treated as hereinafter described. in a molten condition preferably heated to between 1150 and 155 C., filling the head and casing and porcelain shell, if present, completely embedding the stack and terminals and forming a compact mass. The head should preferably be maintained hot at the top and the casing cool at the bottom to provide a temperature gradient so that the soliditication will take place Jfrom the bottom upwardly. After the molten sul'lur has been poured into the casing, the vacuum may be removed and pressure applied to the cooling; mass of sulfur, preferably air pressure, to ensure a, solid and uniform mass of filler or dielectric. as the case may be.

Another method which may be employed For suddenly coolinrT masses of sulfur to form the sulfur dielectric or :filler of the present invention is to heat the metal part in which the sulfur is to be suddenly cooled to about 140O C.; `lill this metal part, un der vacuum if so desired, Whether a casina or mold, with or Without a head. with watery sulfur which is previously preheated as hereinafter described and bronnht to a len'lperature of between 115 and 155" tl.: heatingY both the receptacle and sulfur thereH in to a temperature of above 1G00 C. and below 180 C. to form the viscous sulfur; placing this viscous sulfur with its container in the chamber; applying pressure to the mass of the sulfur While still hot, this pres sure preferably consistingr of the application of pressure such as compressed air to the same: and then suddenly cooling the container and Sulfur While maintaining the pressure. 'lhis cooling may be done by forcing' a spray of water over the condenser receptacle or mold under a force greater than the pressure ot air Within 'the chambei',

The product formed by the above proci 'ses and methods in connection With heat Watment as hereinafter described and used in connection with the condensers of this invention such as disclosed. in Which sulfur is used either as a combined dielectric and tillcr, or in the sheet form, or simply as a Killer, is characterized by non-friability, toughness, non-porosity, cohesion in its mass, freedom from internal strains, and its ,creat compactness compared to commercial sul'tur. The sulfur of the present inventioin Whether used as a combination filler and dielectric, or simply as a filler, or simply or a dielectric. is free from cracks, voids and internal strains Which cause the wellknoivn brittleuess and breakdown. The deo i of compactness ot the sulfur product of the above processes is such that its density is greater than the density of the commercial sulfur, roll form, which has a specific f avitv of 1.9:?, the special sulfur of this vention having' approximately a specific gravity of a rhombic crystal of sulfur which is 2.07. This compactness is substantially uniform, the dielectric, Whether used as a combination filler and dielectric or as a liller, havin@ a uniform consistency or appearance free from voids and cracks and beingr homogeneous; that is, holosteric. The comparative compactness and porosity of the sulfur of this invention and commercial sulfur may be determined by applying a mixture of red ink or other coloring matter and Wood alcohol or other solvent to each. The colored mixture permeates the common form, beingl rapidly absorbed into the mass ot the material by capillary attraction. ln the product of this invention, no appreciable penetration occurs. The processes or methods employed in the pres ent invention not only provide a form ot sulfur having the characteristics above described which distinguish it from the commercial form, but also places and maintains the sulfur in intimate contact with the armatures ivithout separating` therefrom upon cooling. The means employed for doing this reside 'lirst in the application of potential through the armatures and dielectric during; the cooling` process, in the case oit the tiret process; secondly, as in the case ot' rapid cliillingr.y by the application of pres sure to the dielectric during the cooling, this compensatingfor any shrinkage due to the 'solidii'ication of the sulfur and maintaining' it in intimate contact with the adjacent armatures.

In the above description of the sulfur embedment and dielectric of the invention used llt) 

